DIT | Internet Protocol IPV4

IPV4

---

1.1   # UNDERSTAND AND EXPLAINED OF IPV4 WITH EXAMPLE

A way to identity machine on the network, Protocols are set of rules for regulating communication between machines. And TCP/IP is the de-facto communication standard used by internet. It was originally developed by the US Department of Defense (DOD) in the 1970‘s to provide a robust network that could support military network in the event of nuclear war and it also known as Identifier man network. TCP lies between the application n network layers and server as the intermediary between the applications and the network operations.

IP STRUCTURE

It consists of 32 bits in which IP addresses consist of four sections (Octets) and each section is 8 bits long. Each sector can range from 0 to 255.For example 11001000 00001010 00010010 00011100 There are five classes of it.

ASSIGNMENT

There are two type of assignment Static and Dynamic IP addresses.

Static IP address	Dynamic IP address
It’s are manually assigned to a computer by an administrator.	Assigned either by the computer interface or host software itself.

---

#   There are two types of classes Classfull and Classless IP addresses. First we discuss that where had we found the IP addresses

IANA	ICANN
It stands for Internet Assigned Number Authority.	It stands for Internet corporation for Assigned Name and Number.
1. IANA oversees global IP address allocation.	1. None profile private organization.
2. Autonomous system number allocation.	2. Headquartered in California (United State).
3. Root zone management in the DNS.	3. Created on Sep.18, 1998 and incorporated in Sep.30, 1998.
4. Other internet protocol-related symbols and number. And IANA is a department operated by ICANN.	4. To oversee a number internet-related task on behalf of the US government. And IANA is a department operated by ICANN

CLASS A is the part of internet protocol hierarchical addressing scheme is that reserved for governments. It works have only 8 bits for defining network (First octets can’t be changed in network ID) and 24 bits for defining host .And subnets on each networks. The Class A originally start from 0 to 127 but 127 have reserved for special purpose (NIC testing).For the being generally we speak begins to 1 and end with 126 (1-126). Exception in class A IP address: 1) 0. 0 .0 .0 0.255.255.255 and 2)127.0.0.0 127.255.255.255

Class	Leading bits	Size of network number bit field	Size of reset bit field	Number of networks	Addresses per network
A	0	8	24	128 (2 range to power 7)	33554432 (2 range to power 24)

Address notation: 0nnnnnnn.hhhhhhhh.hhhhhhhh.hhhhhhhh
Binary notation: 00000000.00000000.00000000.00000000 = 0.0.0.0
============> 01111111.11111111.11111111.11111111 = 127.255.255.255

CLASS B is the part of internet protocol hierarchical addressing scheme is that reserved for medium companies. It works have 16 bits for defining network and 16 bits for defining host and subnets on each networks. It assign to sixty-six lakh computers. Generally it begins 128 to 191.Exception in class B IP address: 169.254.0.0 for testing purpose of APIPA (Automatically Private Internet Protocol Address).

Class	Leading bits	Size of network number bit field	Size of reset bit field	Number of networks	Addresses per network
A	10	16	16	16384 (2 range to power 14)	33554432 (2 range to power 16)

Address notation: 10nnnnnn.hhhhhhhh.hhhhhhhh.hhhhhhhh
Binary notation: 10000000.00000000.00000000.00000000 = 128.0.0.0
============> 10111111.11111111.11111111.11111111 = 191.255.255.255

CLASS C is the part of internet protocol hierarchical addressing scheme is that reserved for small companies. It works have 24 bits for defining network and only 8 bits for defining host and subnets on each networks. Generally it begins 192 to 223.

Class	Leading bits	Size of network number bit field	Size of reset bit field	Number of networks	Addresses per network
A	110	24	8	2097152 (2 range to power 21)	256 (2 range to power 8)

Address notation: 110nnnnn.hhhhhhhh.hhhhhhhh.hhhhhhhh
Binary notation: 11000000.00000000.00000000.00000000 = 192.0.0.0
============> 11011111.11111111.11111111.11111111 = 223.255.255.255

CLASS D is the part of internet protocol hierarchical addressing scheme is that reserved for multicasting (one-two many communications). Generally it begins 224 to 239.

Address notation: 1110nnnn.hhhhhhhh.hhhhhhhh.hhhhhhhh
Binary notation: 11100000.00000000.00000000.00000000 = 224.0.0.0
============> 11101111.11111111.11111111.11111111 = 239.255.255.255

CLASS E is the part of hierarchical addressing scheme is that reserved for future use (Research). Generally it begins 240 to 254

Address notation: 11110nnn.hhhhhhhh.hhhhhhhh.hhhhhhhh
Binary notation: 11110000.00000000.00000000.00000000 = 240.0.0.0
============> 11110111.11111111.11111111.11111111 = 254.255.255.255

---

---

NEXT | Subnetting

---

Be updated into yourself and improve lives through DIT