IP PORTION5.1 # WHAT IS THE FUNCTIONALITY OF CONNECTIVITY WITH NETWORK
A network can be defined as two or more computers connected together in such a way that they can share resources. A device connected to a network is also termed as Node. Let’s consider that in a network there are 2 computers, 2 printers, and a server are connected, and then we can say that there are five nodes on the network. The purpose of a network is to share resources:
A resource may be: file folder, printer, and disk drive or just about anything else that exists on a computer. A network is simply a collection of computers or other hardware devices that are connected together, either physically or logically, using special hardware and software, to allow them to exchange information and cooperate. Networking is the term that describes the processes involved in designing, implementing, upgrading, managing and otherwise working with networks and network technologies.
1) Connectivity and Communication, , 2) Data and Hardware sharing.
3) Internet access and sharing. , 4) Data security and management.
5) Performance enhancement and balancing. , 6) Entertainments.
# DISADVANTAGES : 1) Network hardware, Software and Setup costs. , 2) Undesirable sharing.
3) Hardware & Software management and Administrator costs. , 4) Illegal or Undesirable behavior.
5) Data security concerns.
# TO BE ACQUAINTED WITH : -
1) LAN : It is a computer network covering a small geographic area like home, office or group of building is known as Local Area Network.
2) WAN : It is also a computer network that covers a broad area (i.e any network whose communication like metropolitan, regional or national boundaries). Or formally, a network that uses router and public communication links is known as Wide Area network.
3) MAN : It is a network that interconnects users with computer resources in a geographic area or region large then that covered by even a large LAN but smaller than the area of WAN. The term is applied to the interconnection of networks in the city into a single larger network is known as Metropolitan Area Network.
5.2 # SPECIFICATION OF INTRANET & INTERNET
INTRANET is a private network that contained within an enterprise. It may consist of many interlinked local area network and also used leased lines in the wide area network. An intranet uses TCP/IP, HTTP and other internet protocols and in general looks like a private version of the intranet. With tunneling, companies can send private message through the public.
INTERNET is a worldwide system of computer network in which users at any one computer can, if they have permission gets information from any other computer (sometime talk directly to user at other computers.
# ELEMENTS OF NETWORKING
1) Server network : A server-based network uses a central server manage access to shared files, printer and database application. It is the principal means of controlling access to the resources. Each resource is configured with an access list, which is the list of user and their permission for those resources.
2) Client network : A client is also computer that connected to the network using client software (Emulation software) and can use the resources provided by the server or over the network (such as request or receive).
3) Transmission media : A technology or passage conducting to each other.
4) Protocol : A set of rules for regulating communication between machine.
# PUBLIC & PRIVATE IP ADDRESSES
When we had the IP addresses started by the IANA then the few IP address had been assigned for the public. There is no need to give a pay for private IP address because you can catch the private IP address from public IP range. But easily you can’t operate the internet on private IP range if you want to access an internet then you will build a supportable device or software such as NAT.
Class A begins to 1 - 126, Class B begins to 128 - 191 and Class C begins to 192 – 223
1. 10.0.0.0 - 10.255.255.255 (10/8 prefix) (Total Addresses: 16,777,216)
2. 172.16.0.0 - 172.31.255.255 (172.16/12 prefix) (Total Addresses: 1,048,576)
3. 192.168.0.0 - 192.168.255.255 (192.168/16 prefix) (Total Addresses: 65,536)
The public IP address is given below:-
1. 1.0.0.0 - 9.255.255.255 (Class A)
2. 11.0.0.0 - 126.255.255.255 (Class A)
3. 129.0.0.0 - 169.253.255.255 (Class B)
4. 169.255.0.0 - 172.15.255.255 (Class B)
5. 172.32.0.0 - 191.0.1.255 (Class B)
6. 192.0.3.0 - 192.88.98.255 (Class C)
7. 192.88.100.0 - 192.167.255.255 (Class C)
8. 192.168.0.0 - 198.17.255.255 (Class C)
9. 198.20.0.0 - 223.255.255.255 (Class C)
# SUBNET MASK:
When TCP/IP host want to communicate, the subnet mask is used to determine whether the host is located or remote network. Typically, the value 255 is used to mask a portion of the IP address and indicate that it represents a part of the network address. TCP/IP is unique among most layer3 addressing schemes. When dealing with TCP/IP addresses, each address actually has three components: a network component, a host component and a subnet mask. The function of the subnet mask is to differentiate among the network address, the host address and the directed broadcast address. In binary, a 1 in a bit position in the subnet mask represents a network component and a 0 in a bit position represents a host component.
# DEFAULT GATEWAY:
The default gateway represents the IP address of a router that a computer uses to communicate outside of its network.
Subnetting – How
Bits borrowed from host field.
|
Network |
Network |
Host |
Host |
Network
address 150 . 150 . 0 . 0
|
Network |
Network |
Subnet |
Host |
Host
address 150 . 150 . 0 . 0
Subnet
mask 255 . 255 . 255 . 0
|
Network |
Network |
Subnet |
Subnet/Host |
Subnet
address 150 . 150 . 2 . 0
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