DIT | Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol in computer networks

August 23, 2023
EIGRP
3B.1   # ENHANCED INTERIOR GATWAY ROUTING PROTOCOL STATE AND EXPLAIN

Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol (EIGRP) is a network protocol that enables routers to exchange information more efficiently than earlier network protocols that uses a hybrid approach of distance vector and link state algorithms. It supports multiple network layer protocols, such as IPv4, IPv6, IPX, and AppleTalk.. EIGRP is a successor to the Interior Gateway Routing Protocol (IGRP). The protocol was designed by Cisco Systems as a proprietary protocol, available only on Cisco routers. It will establish the neighbore relationship two routers become neighbors when they see hello packets on a common network. : Neighbor Discovery/Recovery, Reliable Transport Protocol, DUAL Finite State Machine, Protocol Dependent Modules.



3B.2   # EIGRP COMPONENTS

  • Protocol-dependent modules (PDMs) are used by the routing protocol EIGRP to make decisions about adding routes learned from other sources; for example other routers or routing protocols to the routing table.
  • Reliable Transport Protocol (RTP) to ensure that packets are delivered in order and to ensure that routers receive specific packets. A sequence number is included in each EIGRP packet. Its means for sending message.
  • Neighbor Discovery/Recovery (NDR) solves a set of problems related to the interaction between nodes attached to the same link.
  • Diffusing Update Algorithm (DUAL) is an algorithm used by EIGRP to select and maintain the best route to each remote network. DUAL is also used for the discover a backup route if there is one available.

    • Properties :
    • It is based on hybrid protocol only cisco router supports eigrp protocol.
    • It is the best path from source to destination with respect to hop count as well as bandwidth.
    • In its protocol routers sends better packet (2 kb) to the neighboring router in every two seconds.
    • It supports classless networks.
    • In its routing protocol router generate following three tables.
      i) Topology table (All round)
      ii) Routing table (Best path)
      Neighboring table (Near path)
    • Topology table contains these entries all the protocol route of network from source to destination.
    • Maximum hop count is 255 with default is 100.
    • It also uses the autonomous system suitable for small to large network.
    • Administrative distance is 90.

    Terms and conditions of EIGRP protocol
    • Feasible distance (FD) is the best metric along a path to a destination network, including the metric to the neighbor advertising that path.
    • Reporting distance (RD) is the total metric along a path to a destination network as advertised by an upstream neighbor.
    • Feasibility successor (FS) A destination is moved from the topology table to the routing table when there is a feasible successor. A feasible successor is a path whose reported distance is less than the feasible distance and it is considered a backup route.
    • Feasibility condition is states that a route will not be accepted if the Reported Distance is more than the best path’s Feasible Distance.
    • EIGRP successor is the neighbor that has meet the Feasible Distance and has the least cost path towards the destination.
    • Query process EIGRP is advanced distance vector. It relies on its neighbors to provide routing information. Queries are sent out when a route is lost and no feasible successor is available, the EIGRP need to converge fast

    3B.2   # ENHANCED INTERIOR GATWAY ROUTING PROTOCOL CONFIGURATION
    Diagram:-
    Port Status Device
    Router
    Serial 0/0 Routed link-port Side_A
    Serial 0/0 Routed link-port Side_B
    Serial 0/1 Routed link-port Side_B
    Serial 0/0 Routed link-port Side_C
    Switch_Layer 2
    FastEthernet 0/1 Trunk port Switch0
    FastEthernet 0/1 Trunk port Switch1
    FastEthernet 0/1 Trunk port Switch2
    Broadcast n Collision domain status
    Number of broadcast domain Number of collision domain
    5 11


    # EIGRP Configuration Lab : -
    1) Configuration of Side_A
    Router >enable
    Router #configure terminal
    Router (config) #no ip domain lookup
    !
    Router (config)#hostname Side_A
    !
    Side_A (config)#enable secret Cisco!123
    !
    Side_A (config)#line vty 0 4
    Side_A (config-line)#password Cisco@123
    Side_A (config-line)#login
    Side_A (config-line)#exec-timeout 5 0
    Side_A (config-line)#exit
    !
    Side_A (config)#line vty 0 4
    Side_A (config-line)#transport input ssh
    Side_A (config-line #end
    Side_A (config) #username senior
    Side_A (config-if #ip domain-name ssm.in
    Side_A (config-if #crypto key generate rsa
    Side_A (config-if #ip ssh version 1/2
    Side_A (config-if #ip ssh timeout 90 authentication-retries 2
    Side_A (config-if #exit
    !
    Side_A (config)#interface FastEthernet0/0
    Side_A (config-if)#ip address 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0
    Side_A (config-if)#no shutdown
    Side_A (config-if)#exit
    !
    Side_A (config)#interface Serial0/0
    Side_A (config-if)#ip address 10.10.10.1 255.0.0.0
    Side_A (config-if)#encapsulation hdlc
    Side_A (config-if)#clock rate 64000
    Side_A (config-if)#no shutdown
    Side_A (config-if)#exit
    !
    Side_A (config)# router eigrp 760
    Side_A (config-router)# network 10.0.0.0 0.0.0.255
    Side_A (config-router)# network 192.168.1.0 0.0.0.255
    Side_A (config-router)#no auto summary
    Side_A (config-router# exit
    !


    2) Configuration of Side_B

    Router >enable
    Router #configure terminal
    Router (config) #no ip domain lookup
    !
    Router (config)#hostname Side_B
    !
    Side_B (config)#enable secret Cisco!123
    !
    Side_B (config)#line vty 0 4
    Side_ B (config-line)#password Cisco@123
    Side_ B (config-line)#login
    Side_ B (config-line)#exec-timeout 5 0
    Side_ B (config-line)#exit
    !
    Side_ B (config)#line vty 0 4
    Side_ B (config-line)#transport input ssh
    Side_ B (config-line #end
    Side_ B (config) #username senior
    Side_ B (config-if #ip domain-name ssm.in
    Side_ B (config-if #crypto key generate rsa
    Side_ B (config-if #ip ssh version 1/2
    Side_ B (config-if #ip ssh timeout 90 authentication-retries 2
    Side_ B (config-if #exit
    !
    Side_ B (config)#interface FastEthernet0/0
    Side_ B (config-if)#ip address 192.168.2.1 255.255.255.0
    Side_ B (config-if)#no shutdown
    Side_ B (config-if)#exit
    !
    Side_ B (config)#interface Serial0/0
    Side_ B (config-if)#ip address 10.10.1.2 255.0.0.0
    Side_ B (config-if)#no shutdown
    Side_ B (config-if)#exit
    !
    Side_ B (config)#interface Serial0/0
    Side_ B (config-if)#ip address 20.20.2.1 255.0.0.0
    Side_ B (config-if)#encapsulation hdlc

    Side_ B (config-if)#clock rate 64000

    Side_ B (config-if)#no shutdown

    Side_ B (config-if)#exit
    !
    Side_ B (config)# router eigrp 760
    Side_ B (config-router)# network 10.0.0.0 0.0.0.255
    Side_ B (config-router)# network 20.0.0.0 0.0.0.255
    Side_ B (config-router)# network 192.168.2.0 0.0.0.255
    Side_ B (config-router)#no auto summary
    Side_ B (config-router# exit
    !


    3) Configuration of Side_C
    Router >enable
    Router #configure terminal
    Router (config) #no ip domain lookup
    !
    Router (config)#hostname Side_C
    !
    Side_C (config)#enable secret Cisco!123
    !
    Side_C (config)#line vty 0 4
    Side_C (config-line)#password Cisco@123
    Side_C (config-line)#login
    Side_C (config-line)#exec-timeout 5 0
    Side_C (config-line)#exit
    !
    Side_C (config)#line vty 0 4
    Side_C (config-line)#transport input ssh
    Side_C (config-line #end
    Side_C (config) #username senior
    Side_C (config-if #ip domain-name ssm.in
    Side_C (config-if #crypto key generate rsa
    Side_C (config-if #ip ssh version 1/2
    Side_C (config-if #ip ssh timeout 90 authentication-retries 2
    Side_C (config-if #exit
    !
    Side_C (config)#interface FastEthernet0/0
    Side_C (config-if)#ip address 192.168.3.1 255.255.255.0
    Side_C (config-if)#no shutdown
    Side_C (config-if)#exit
    !
    Side_C (config)#interface Serial0/0
    Side_C (config-if)#ip address 20.20.2.2 255.0.0.0
    Side_C (config-if)#encapsulation hdlc
    Side_C (config-if)#clock rate 64000
    Side_C (config-if)#no shutdown
    Side_C (config-if)#exit
    !
    Side_C (config)# router eigrp 760
    Side_C (config-router)# network 20.0.0.0 0.0.0.255
    Side_C (config-router)# network 192.168.3.0 0.0.0.255
    Side_C (config-router)#no auto summary
    Side_C (config-router# exit
    !


    3B.3   # EIGRP TROUBLESHOOTING

    Router (config) #show ip eigrp neighbors
    Router (config) #show ip route
    Router (config) #show ip protocols
    Router (config) #show ip eigrp neighbors detail
    Router (config) #show ip eigrp traffic
    Router (config) #show protocols Router (config) #debug eigrp packets
    Router (config) #debug eigrp packets terse

    OSPF

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