RIP3A.1 # ROUTING INFORMATION PROTOCOL STATE AND EXPLAIN
RIP is a true distance vector & is the part of dynamic routing protocol that used to find the best route or path from end-to-end (source to destination) over a network by using a routing metric/hop count algorithm. And by default, the maximum hop count is 15. RIP use the UDP (used to carry network management) port 520 for route update.There are three version but RIPV1 is broadcast and RIPV2 is multicast.
Example : Suppose R1 wants to send the data to R4. There are two possible routes to send data from r1 to r2. As both the routes contain the same number of hops, i.e., 3, so RIP will send the data to both the routes simultaneously.
Why : The Routing Information Protocol (RIP) is one of the oldest distance-vector routing protocols which employs the hop count as a routing metric. RIP prevents routing loops by implementing a limit on the number of hops allowed in a path from source to destination.
# RIP VERSION
There are three type of RIP
- RIP versions 1: It’s have a Classfull routing and to not support of VLSM. Update message is sent to local subnet broadcast addresses 255.255.255.0. No authentication support is available.
- RIP versions 2: It’s have a Classfull routing and to not support of VLSM. Update message is sent to multicast addresses 224.0.0.9. Support available for both plain text and MD5 authentication and route tags added.
- RIP ng: It is built for new generation and it is the extension of RIPv2.It is support of IPv6 .It sends updates on UDP port 521 and more about RIP ng to send and receive the message within multicast group FF02::9.
- Route poisoning: The practice of advertising a route but with a special matric value called infinity.
- Split horizon: It helps stop routing loops by telling the router not to advertise routes out the same interface from which the route was originally learned. In other words, if a router learns about a route on a particular interface, it does not broadcast that route information out that interface.
- Poison reverse and Triggered updates: When a route fails, don’t wait for the next periodic update. Instead send an immediate triggered update listing the poisoned route. When learning of a failed route, suspend split-horizon rules for that route and advertise a poisoned route.
- Hold-down timer: As soon as the route is considered to be down. Hold it down for a while.
RIP uses four different kinds of timers to regulate its performance:
o Route update timer (30 seconds): The interval which state how often the update for a specific route must be sent.
o Route invalid timer (180 seconds): The interval states that once an update is received for a route how long to wait till the route is considered invalid or non-reachable.
o Hold-down timer (180 seconds): Tells a router to ignore new information about the failed route for a time period.
o Route flush timer (180 + 60 seconds): The interval which state how long to wait since the last valid update before removing the route from the routing table.
3A.2 # ROUTING INFORMATION PROTOCOL CONFIGURATION
Diagram:-
| Port | Status | Device |
|---|---|---|
| Router | ||
| Serial 0/0 | Routed link-port | Side_A |
| Serial 0/0 | Routed link-port | Side_B |
| Serial 0/1 | Routed link-port | Side_B |
| Serial 0/0 | Routed link-port | Side_C |
| Switch_Layer 2 | ||
| FastEthernet 0/1 | Trunk port | Switch0 |
| FastEthernet 0/1 | Trunk port | Switch1 |
| FastEthernet 0/1 | Trunk port | Switch2 |
| Broadcast n Collision domain status | ||
| Number of broadcast domain | Number of collision domain | |
| 5 | 11 |
# RIP Configuration lab : -
1) Configuration of Side_A
Router >enable
Router #configure terminal
Router (config) #no ip domain lookup
!
Router (config)#hostname Side_A
!
Side_A (config)#enable secret Cisco!123
!
Side_A (config)#line vty 0 4
Side_A (config-line)#password Cisco@123
Side_A (config-line)#login
Side_A (config-line)#exec-timeout 5 0
Side_A (config-line)#exit
!
Side_A (config)#line vty 0 4
Side_A (config-line)#transport input ssh
Side_A (config-line #end
Side_A (config) #username senior
Side_A (config-if #ip domain-name ssm.in
Side_A (config-if #crypto key generate rsa
Side_A (config-if #ip ssh version 1/2
Side_A (config-if #ip ssh timeout 90 authentication-retries 2
Side_A (config-if #exit
!
Side_A (config)#interface FastEthernet0/0
Side_A (config-if)#ip address 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0
Side_A (config-if)#no shutdown
Side_A (config-if)#exit
!
Side_A (config)#interface Serial0/0
Side_A (config-if)#ip address 10.10.10.1 255.0.0.0
Side_A (config-if)#encapsulation hdlc
Side_A (config-if)#clock rate 64000
Side_A (config-if)#no shutdown
Side_A (config-if)#exit
!
Side_A (config)# router rip
Side_A (config-router)# network 10.0.0.0
Side_A (config-router)# network 192.168.1.0
Side_A (config-router)#no auto summary
Side_A (config-router# exit
!
2) Configuration of Side_B
Router >enable
Router #configure terminal
Router (config) #no ip domain lookup
!
Router (config)#hostname Side_B
!
Side_B (config)#enable secret Cisco!123
!
Side_B (config)#line vty 0 4
Side_ B (config-line)#password Cisco@123
Side_ B (config-line)#login
Side_ B (config-line)#exec-timeout 5 0
Side_ B (config-line)#exit
!
Side_ B (config)#line vty 0 4
Side_ B (config-line)#transport input ssh
Side_ B (config-line #end
Side_ B (config) #username senior
Side_ B (config-if #ip domain-name ssm.in
Side_ B (config-if #crypto key generate rsa
Side_ B (config-if #ip ssh version 1/2
Side_ B (config-if #ip ssh timeout 90 authentication-retries 2
Side_ B (config-if #exit
!
Side_ B (config)#interface FastEthernet0/0
Side_ B (config-if)#ip address 192.168.2.1 255.255.255.0
Side_ B (config-if)#no shutdown
Side_ B (config-if)#exit
!
Side_ B (config)#interface Serial0/0
Side_ B (config-if)#ip address 10.10.1.2 255.0.0.0
Side_ B (config-if)#no shutdown
Side_ B (config-if)#exit
!
Side_ B (config)#interface Serial0/0
Side_ B (config-if)#ip address 20.20.2.1 255.0.0.0
Side_ B (config-if)#encapsulation hdlc
Side_ B (config-if)#clock rate 64000
Side_ B (config-if)#no shutdown
Side_ B (config-if)#exit
!
Side_ B (config)# router rip
Side_ B (config-router)# network 10.0.0.0
Side_ B (config-router)# network 20.0.0.0
Side_ B (config-router)# network 192.168.2.0
Side_ B (config-router)#no auto summary
Side_ B (config-router# exit
!
3) Configuration of Side_C
Router >enable
Router #configure terminal
Router (config) #no ip domain lookup
!
Router (config)#hostname Side_C
!
Side_C (config)#enable secret Cisco!123
!
Side_C (config)#line vty 0 4
Side_C (config-line)#password Cisco@123
Side_C (config-line)#login
Side_C (config-line)#exec-timeout 5 0
Side_C (config-line)#exit
!
Side_C (config)#line vty 0 4
Side_C (config-line)#transport input ssh
Side_C (config-line #end
Side_C (config) #username senior
Side_C (config-if #ip domain-name ssm.in
Side_C (config-if #crypto key generate rsa
Side_C (config-if #ip ssh version 1/2
Side_C (config-if #ip ssh timeout 90 authentication-retries 2
Side_C (config-if #exit
!
Side_C (config)#interface FastEthernet0/0
Side_C (config-if)#ip address 192.168.3.1 255.255.255.0
Side_C (config-if)#no shutdown
Side_C (config-if)#exit
!
Side_C (config)#interface Serial0/0
Side_C (config-if)#ip address 20.20.2.2 255.0.0.0
Side_C (config-if)#encapsulation hdlc
Side_C (config-if)#clock rate 64000
Side_C (config-if)#no shutdown
Side_C (config-if)#exit
!
Side_C (config)# router rip
Side_C (config-router)# network 20.0.0.0
Side_C (config-router)# network 192.168.3.0
Side_C (config-router)#no auto summary
Side_C (config-router# exit
!
3A.3 # RIP TROUBLESHOOTING in depth
Configuration RIP v2 –
Side_A # show ip protocol
Default version control: send version 1 and receive any version
| Interface | Send | Receive | Triggered RIP | Key-chain |
| FastEthernet0/0 | 1 | 21 | ||
| Serial 0/0 | 1 | 21 |
Side_B # show ip protocol
Default version control: send version 1 and receive any version
| Interface | Send | Receive | Triggered RIP | Key-chain |
| FastEthernet0/0 | 1 | 21 | ||
| Serial 0/0 | 1 | 21 |
Side_C # show ip protocol
Default version control: send version 1 and receive any version
| Interface | Send | Receive | Triggered RIP | Key-chain |
| FastEthernet0/0 | 1 | 21 | ||
| Serial 0/0 | 1 | 21 |
Configuration timer in RIP –
Side_A # show ip protocol
Sending updated every 30 seconds, next due on 20 seconds
Invalid after 180 seconds; hold down 180, flushed after 240
Side_A (config) # router rip
Side_A (config-router) # timer basic ?
<0-4294967295> Interval between updates
Side_A (config-router) # timer basic 60 ?
<0-4294967295> Invalid
Side_A (config-router) # timer basic 60 100 ?
<0-4294967295> Holddown
Side_A (config-router) # timer basic 60 100 100 ?
<0-4294967295> Flush
Side_A (config-router) # timer basic 60 100 100 160
Side_A (config-router) #exit
Side_A # ^Z
Routing Loop and Poisoning: ---
Route loop: Occur when the router forward the packets such that the same single packet ends up back at the same routers repeatedly. Result - Never delivering the packets and wasting bandwidth
# Troubleshooting cmd :
Router (config) #show ip rip
Router (config) #show ip route
Router (config) #show ip protocols
Router (config) #show interface fa 0/0
Router (config) #show ip interface serial
Router (config) #show protocols
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